New trial results presented Monday reveal a treatment that uses genetically modified human immune cells can reduce the risk of disease progression by 74% in people with a rare blood cancer, reports AFP.
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel – also known by its trade name Carvykti – was tested in 419 patients with multiple myeloma, whose disease had not responded to the current frontline drug lenalidomide, a chemotherapy drug.
At the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, oncologist Oriof Odezide said: “Lenalidomide has become the mainstay of care for people with myeloma, but as its use has expanded, so has the number of patients whose disease no longer responds to treatment.”
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel “provides patients with significantly more effective results than current options” and “can be safely used earlier in the treatment phase,” added Odezide, an expert who was not part of the study.
Multiple myeloma affects a type of white blood cell called plasma cells and can damage bones, kidneys and the immune system.
According to the Cleveland Clinic, it affects seven out of 100,000 people each year, and 100,000 in the United States. There is currently no cure for this disease, but progression can be stopped for a long time.
The risk of the disease increases with age, men are more likely to be affected than women, and black people are at greater risk than other races.
However, not everyone needs immediate treatment and it can be monitored if it progresses slowly.
In the new clinical trial, half of the patients were randomly assigned ciltacabtagene autoleucel, while the other half received a cocktail of drugs that represented the current standard of care, including chemotherapy and steroids.
“After a median follow-up of 16 months, researchers found that siltacabetazine autoleucel reduced the risk of disease progression by 74% compared with standard-of-care treatment,” a press release said.
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel is a type of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, a new form of treatment.
CAR T-cell therapy involves removing a patient’s disease-fighting T cells and genetically engineering them in a lab so that they have specific proteins known as receptors that, once returned to the body, will seek out and destroy cancer cells.
Almost all patients in both groups experienced serious to life-threatening adverse events, including infections and low blood cell counts.
Three-quarters of ciltacabtagene autoleuzell patients develop cytokine release syndrome, in which the immune system is sent into overdrive. It can affect multiple organs and cause death.
About 5% of patients with ciltacabtagene Autoleucel develop immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), which affects a person’s nervous system.
In the next step, the researchers said they will follow the participants to determine the long-term effects and impact on quality of life.
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