It’s easy to fear that the machines are taking over: Companies like IBM and British telecommunications company BT have cited artificial intelligence as a reason for reducing headcount, and new tools like ChatGPT and DALL-E make it possible for anyone to understand the extraordinary. Artificial intelligence capabilities for themselves. A recent study Researchers at OpenAI (the start-up behind ChatGPT) and the University of Pennsylvania concluded that for about 80 percent of tasks, at least 10 percent of tasks could be automated using the technology behind such tools.
“People that I talk to, supersmart people, doctors, lawyers, CEOs, other economists, your brain first goes, ‘Oh, how can generative AI replace what humans are doing?'” said Erik Brynjolfsson, a professor. Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI.
But that’s not the only option, he said. “The other thing I wish people would do more of is what new things can be done now that have never been done before. Obviously that’s a much tougher question.” That’s also, he adds, “where most of the value is.”
How technology makers design, business leaders control AI tools, and how policymakers control AI tools will determine how generative AI ultimately affects jobs, Brynjolfsson and other economists said. And not all choices are necessarily bleak for workers.
AI can complement rather than replace human labor. For example, many companies use AI to automate call centers. But one Fortune 500 company that provides business software has instead used a tool like ChatGPT to give employees live advice on how to respond to customers. Brynjolfsson and his co-authors of a study compared call center employees who did not use the tool with those who did not. They found that the tool boosted productivity by an average of 14 percent, with most of the gains made by low-skilled workers. The group that used the tool also had higher customer attitudes and lower employee turnover.
David Otto, professor of economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said AI could potentially be used to provide “new skills” in jobs such as healthcare delivery, software development, law and skilled repair. “It provides an opportunity to enable more workers to do valuable work that relies on some of those skills,” he said.
Employees can focus on different tasks. As ATMs automate the tasks of dispensing cash and taking deposits, the number of bank tellers has increased An analysis by James Bessen, a researcher at Boston University School of Law. This was partly because when bank branches required fewer staff, they became cheaper to open – and banks opened more of them. But banks have also changed the job description. After ATMs, tellers focused less on counting cash and more on building relationships with customers, to whom they sold products such as credit cards. Some tasks can be fully automated by generative AI but using an AI tool for some tasks can free up workers to extend their tasks that cannot be automated.
New technology can lead to new jobs. Engaged in agriculture About 42 percent of the workforce in 1900, but due to automation and advances in technology, by 2000 it was only 2 percent. The massive decline in agricultural employment did not result from mass unemployment. Instead, technology has created many new jobs. A farmer in the early 20th century did not imagine computer coding, genetic engineering or trucking. In an analysis using census data, Ottor and his co-authors found that 60 percent of current occupational specialties did not exist 80 years ago.
Of course, there is no guarantee that workers will qualify for new jobs or that they will be good jobs. And none of that happens, says Daron Acemoglu, an economics professor at MIT and co-author of “Power and Progress: Our 1,000-Year Struggle over Technology and Prosperity.”
“If we make the right choices, we create new kinds of jobs, which are crucial to growing wages and reaping productivity gains in real terms,” Acemoglu said. “But if we don’t make the right choices, a lot less of that can happen.” — Sarah Kessler
If you missed it
Martha models behavior. The founder of the lifestyle is Martha Stewart the oldest person will be featured on the swimsuit cover of Sports Illustrated this week. Stewart, 81, told The Times that it was a “huge challenge” to assert confidence but that two months of Pilates had helped. He’s not the first person over 60 to receive the distinction: Elon Musk’s mother, Mae Musk, received the cover last year at age 74.
Block TikTok. Montana became the first state Ban Chinese Short Video AppPreventing app stores from offering TikTok within its borders from January 1. The ban is expected to be difficult to enforce, and TikTok users in the state Filed a case against the governmentsay the measure violates their First Amendment rights and foreshadows potential harm if the federal government tries to block TikTok nationwide.
Banker blame game. Greg Baker, former CEO of Silicon Valley Bank, Blamed on “rumors and misconceptions” in his first public comments since the lender collapsed in March to run on deposits. Baker and former top executives of failed Signature Bank also told a Senate committee investigating their role in the bank’s collapse that they Won’t return the million dollars on salary
A brief history of finding the limits of technology CEOs
When OpenAI’s chief executive, Sam Altman, testified in Congress this week and called for regulation of generative artificial intelligence, some lawmakers welcomed it. A “historic” step. In fact, asking lawmakers for new rules is a step straight out of the tech industry’s playbook. Silicon Valley’s most powerful executives have long flocked to Washington to demonstrate their commitment to the rules in an effort to shape them while relentlessly unleashing the world’s most powerful and transformative technologies.
One reason: A federal rule is much easier to administer than different state rules, Bruce Mehlman, a Bush administration political consultant and former technology policy official, told DealBook. Clearer rules give investors more confidence in a sector, he added.
The strategy seems understandable, but if history is a useful guide, reality can be messier than rhetoric:
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In December 2021, Sam Bankman-Fried, founder of failed crypto exchange FTX, was one of six Executives to testify Call for regulatory transparency on digital assets in the House. His company had just submitted a proposal for a “consolidated collective governance,” he told lawmakers. A year later, Bankman-Fried’s businesses were bankrupt, and he faced charges of felony fraud and illegal campaign contributions.
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In 2019, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg wrote an opinion piece in the Washington Post, “The Internet needs new rules,” based on failures at the company in content moderation, election integrity, privacy and data management. Two years later, independent researchers found that misinformation was more widespread on the platform than in 2016, despite the company spending billions to stamp it out.
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In 2018, Apple chief Tim Cook said he was generally against regulation but supported it More stringent data privacy rules, said, “It’s time for some people to think about what can be done.” But to maintain business in China, one of its biggest markets, Apple Control of customer data has largely been handed over to the government As part of his requirements to work there.
Buzzword of the Week: ‘Algospeak’
Platforms like TikTok, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter use algorithms to identify and moderate problematic content. To avoid these digital moderators and allow free exchange about taboo topics, a linguistic code was created. This is called “algospeak”.
“A linguistic arms race is going on online – and it’s not clear who’s winning,” Written by Roger J. Cruise, professor of psychology at the University of Memphis. Sensitive topics like politics, sex, or suicide can be flagged and downgraded by algorithms, allowing creative misspellings and stand-ins to be used, such as “segs” and “mascara” for sex, “inanimate” for death. and “Cornucopia” for homophobia. There is a history of responding to prohibition through codes, Cruise notes, such as 19th-century cockney rhyming slang in England or “Aesopian,” a figurative language used to evade censorship in tsarist Russia.
Algorithms are not alone in not taking code. Especially pronunciation and misspellings Ubiquitous among marginalized populations. But hidden language also sometimes eludes people, leading to potentially fraught miscommunications online. In February, celebrity Julia Fox found herself in an awkward exchange with a sexual assault victim. Misunderstanding a post She had to issue a public apology for reacting to what she thought was an inappropriate discussion of “mascara” and makeup.
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